Data & ProbabilityStatistics

Benford's Law

In real data, numbers start with 1 six times more often than with 9

Town sizes, river lengths, prices: in any list of real numbers, one first digit turns up far more than the rest. Which, and why?

You'll find out

  • The digit that leads real numbers
  • Why growing things favor it
  • How it catches people faking data

Why it matters

Auditors and scientists use this odd pattern to flag faked numbers, and it shows how growth shapes the data around you.

About 4 min7 interactive slides · 5 questionsLesson 97 · Zone 11

Play this lesson

Free to play in your browser or on iPhone

More in this zone

  1. 91Sensor TechnologyWhy Gloves Don't Work on PhonesYour finger changes an electric field, and so does a sausage
  2. 92AlgorithmsThe Hand-on-the-Wall RuleKeep one hand on the wall and you'll escape most mazes
  3. 93GeometryWhy Three Legs Never WobbleThree points always fit a surface; four often don't
  4. 94StatisticsWhen the Average LiesA billionaire walks into a bar and everyone gets rich on average
  5. 95Wave PhysicsThe Doppler EffectMotion changes the pitch of sound and the color of light
  6. 96Cognitive PsychologyThe Stroop EffectSaying the color of a word is hard when the word names another color
  7. 98Planetary ScienceA Day on Venus Is Longer Than Its YearVenus spins so slowly the year ends first
  8. 99Recreational MathematicsThe Mysterious 6174Any four-digit number falls into the same number